Mahantesh Paralad Dr. Maheshwari S Kachapur
Abstract:
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide (CO₂), are the leading cause of global climate change, necessitating urgent mitigation strategies. Carbon sinks—natural and artificial systems that absorb and store CO₂ offer a promising remedy to offset emissions. This article examines the various types, mechanisms, and effectiveness of carbon sinks, including forests, oceans, soils, and advanced technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS). We evaluate their potential to achieve net-zero emissions. By integrating carbon sinks with emission reduction strategies, global efforts to combat climate change can be significantly enhanced. This paper discusses natural carbon sinks, which are also called Ecological carbon sinks. These carbon sinks absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it as plant tissues and organic matter. Ecological carbon sinks are highly complex and interconnected, reflecting the myriad processes that occur within ecosystems. For instance, the carbon sequestration process is connected to water, nutrient cycles, biodiversity, and climatic factors. The interconnectivity between different carbon sinks, like forests, soil, and oceans, also adds another layer of complexity. Indian scenarios on climate change control have been appreciative as India is the only G20 nation in line with the 2 degrees centigrade warming and achieves the CCS target of reducing emission intensity 11 years in advance of the target of 2030. The responsibility for protecting and enhancing such carbon sinks in favour of humankind is crucial at this hour. Except for the large time scale required for forests and oceans to fix carbon, the rest is cost-effective.
