• GST: IT’S IMPACT IN INDIA

  DOI:DOI:18.A003.aarf.J14I01.003267

Dr. Manoj Kumar Singh

Abstract: Goods and Service Tax is a comprehensive tax levy on manufacture, sale and consumption of goods and services. GST is termed as biggest tax reform in indian tax structure.

• Women and Literature

  DOI:DOI:18.A003.aarf.J14I01.010532

Nripen Das

Abstract: This research paper examines the historical and stylistic evolution of women’s literature in Europe and America, tracing a trajectory from the scholarly and sentimental pioneers of the eighteenth century to the modernist innovations of the early twentieth century. Operating within a "crucible" of political revolution yet constrained by the legal doctrine of coverture and the "Angel in the House" domestic ideal, early female authors faced profound structural barriers to professional authorship. Utilizing Elaine Showalter’s theoretical framework of the female literary subculture, this study analyses the progression of women's writing through three distinct phases: the "Feminine" phase of imitation and pseudonymity, the "Feminist" phase of protest, and the "Female" phase of self-discovery. Central to this analysis is the development of narrative interiority, exploring how Jane Austen’s refinement of Free Indirect Discourse bridged the gap between sensibility and realism. The paper further investigates the nineteenth-century "Feminine phase," where authors like the Brontës and George Eliot employed Gothic symbolism and ethical realism to dramatize the suppressed female psyche. Finally, the research addresses the turn-of-the-century rebellion led by Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, culminating in the "roar" of Modernism. By examining the works of Virginia Woolf and Edith Wharton, this paper argues that the struggle for female literary agency did not merely expand the canon but fundamentally transformed narrative structure, shifting the focus of Western literature toward the complexities of the human consciousness.